Industrial Tape Dispensers Market Size
The Global Industrial Tape Dispensers Market size was valued at USD 0.17 Billion in 2024 and is projected to touch USD 0.18 Billion in 2025, expanding further to USD 0.27 Billion by 2034, at a CAGR of 5.66% during the forecast period 2025–2034. This growth is strongly driven by rising automation across packaging industries, where nearly 41% of manufacturers emphasize tape dispensers as key to improving efficiency and accuracy in sealing operations. Logistics and e-commerce fulfillment centers account for about 33% of adoption, as these systems are vital for speeding up packaging cycles and handling bulk shipments. Heavy industrial applications, including automotive and construction, make up around 26% of demand. Another emerging trend is sustainability, with nearly 29% of users preferring dispensers designed to handle eco-friendly or recyclable tapes that align with environmental initiatives.
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market is evolving rapidly as industries combine efficiency, safety, and sustainability in their operations. Unlike many packaging tools, tape dispensers are directly linked to reducing labor fatigue and minimizing tape wastage, giving them both economic and environmental significance. Approximately 36% of manufacturers highlight their role in reducing operational bottlenecks, while 32% emphasize improvements in worker well-being. Around 28% of companies view them as critical to achieving lean manufacturing goals, and 23% already link them with Industry 4.0 smart factory environments. This unique positioning makes industrial tape dispensers more than just utility tools; they are now becoming strategic assets for productivity and sustainability across global industries.
Key Findings
- Market Size: The Global Tape Dispenser Market was valued at USD 0.17 billion in 2024 and is expected to rise to USD 0.18 billion in 2025, eventually reaching USD 0.27 billion by 2034. This represents a steady CAGR of 5.66 percent, supported by consistent demand in packaging, warehousing, e-commerce, and industrial operations where efficiency, speed, and accuracy are increasingly essential. The market continues to evolve as businesses upgrade from manual tools to more advanced semi-automatic and fully automatic dispensers.
- Growth Drivers: Market expansion is fueled by strong adoption of packaging automation, contributing 42 percent of overall growth as companies streamline their fulfillment processes. Logistics operations account for 34 percent, where the need for faster, safer, and standardized packaging solutions remains high. Meanwhile, 29 percent of the momentum comes from initiatives focused on reducing material wastage, and 25 percent from productivity gains, as dispensers help reduce labor effort and improve packaging consistency.
- Trends: Emerging trends include a rise in semi-automatic models, representing about 38 percent of new installations, while fully automatic systems account for 32 percent as larger facilities shift to hands-free solutions. Additionally, 30 percent of users continue to rely on manual dispensers, especially in small businesses. Other notable trends include a 33 percent increase in eco-tape compatibility and a 25 percent rise in conveyor-based system integration across manufacturing and distribution centers.
- Key Players: Major manufacturers shaping market innovation include 3M, tesa Tapes, Scotch, Duck, JARLINK and others, each focusing on durability, ergonomic design, sustainability, and smart functionality.
- Regional Insights: Regional distribution shows North America holding 32 percent of the market, Europe 27 percent, Asia-Pacific 31 percent, and Middle East & Africa 10 percent, reflecting globally balanced demand.
- Challenges: Key challenges include compatibility issues for 33 percent of users, high-speed consistency limitations for 28 percent, customization constraints for 24 percent, and standardization difficulties affecting 21 percent of global operations.
- Industry Impact: Tape dispensers contribute significantly to operational efficiency, driving 41 percent automation gains, 29 percent sustainability adoption through eco-friendly materials, 27 percent digital integration, and 22 percent operational cost reduction.
- Recent Developments: Recent advancements include 35 percent growth in ergonomic models, 31 percent in battery-powered systems, 33 percent in eco-friendly dispenser launches, 29 percent incorporating IoT features, and 34 percent focused on high-speed automation to meet modern packaging demands.
In the United States, the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market continues to expand due to the strong influence of packaging, construction, and retail industries. Approximately 37% of demand is concentrated in large distribution warehouses where tape dispensers enhance throughput. The automotive and construction sectors contribute nearly 31% of usage, particularly for applications such as insulation, reinforcement, and product assembly. Retail distribution and supply chain hubs account for around 22%, driven by rising online shopping volumes. Additionally, about 27% of adoption is influenced by ergonomically designed dispensers that focus on improving worker productivity and reducing strain, confirming the growing importance of safety and operational efficiency across U.S. industries.
Industrial Tape Dispensers Market Trends
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market is witnessing notable advancements as companies increasingly integrate automation and digital systems into packaging and manufacturing operations. Semi-automatic dispensers represent about 38% of global usage, particularly in mid-volume packaging facilities where businesses seek a balance between cost-efficiency and speed. Fully automatic dispensers account for approximately 32% of demand, gaining preference in high-volume logistics and e-commerce environments where speed and precision are crucial. Manual dispensers still represent nearly 30% of use, especially among small businesses and workshops where affordability and ease of use are priorities.
Around 41% of e-commerce warehouses emphasize high-speed dispensers to reduce packaging delays and maintain delivery commitments. The construction sector contributes nearly 36% of demand, utilizing tape dispensers for insulation, sealing, and reinforcement in projects of various scales. Electronics manufacturing accounts for about 27% of adoption, where precision tape dispensers are essential for assembling delicate components and minimizing material wastage. Moreover, approximately 29% of industrial buyers prefer tape dispensers with adjustable tension controls, highlighting the market’s shift toward customization and flexibility. Sustainability is another strong trend, with 33% of companies integrating dispensers compatible with water-activated or biodegradable tapes to reduce environmental impact. Additionally, about 25% of logistics firms report measurable improvements in reducing packaging errors, with error rates dropping by nearly 18% when tape dispensers are integrated with conveyor systems. Collectively, these patterns indicate a strong and diverse demand landscape for the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market across multiple industries.
Industrial Tape Dispensers Market Dynamics
Smart manufacturing and sustainability create new openings
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market presents wide-ranging opportunities through smart manufacturing integration and digital transformation. Approximately 39% of companies see clear prospects in smart factories, where tape dispensers are connected with IoT-enabled platforms for real-time monitoring and automation. Predictive maintenance, cited by about 31% of users, reduces downtime and extends equipment life, directly boosting ROI for manufacturers. Nearly 28% of businesses stress the importance of real-time operational data to optimize workflows, while 26% of opportunities are tied to digitalized global supply chains that demand connected and intelligent packaging tools. Additionally, sustainability offers another key opportunity: around 30% of companies are focusing on dispensers compatible with biodegradable and water-activated tapes to align with green packaging trends. Nearly 27% of R&D investments are directed at ergonomic improvements and operator safety, further expanding appeal in industries with repetitive packaging processes. Collectively, these opportunities signal that the future of tape dispensers lies not only in efficiency but also in digital connectivity, predictive intelligence, and environmental responsibility
Automation and efficiency as primary growth accelerators
Automation and efficiency remain the cornerstone drivers of the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market, shaping adoption across packaging, logistics, and manufacturing. Nearly 42% of the market’s expansion is attributed to the packaging sector, where automated dispensers reduce labor needs, speed up sealing, and improve consistency. In logistics, about 34% of distribution centers report significant productivity gains after adopting advanced dispensers, linking them directly with higher throughput and faster shipment processing. Around 29% of companies highlight reduced material wastage as a direct benefit of precision dispensing, helping cut operating costs while supporting sustainability goals. Furthermore, nearly 25% of businesses indicate that tape dispensers not only lower expenses but also improve workplace efficiency by reducing manual strain, training time, and packaging errors. The rise of e-commerce has amplified demand, with warehouses emphasizing rapid packaging lines to handle higher order volumes, while construction and automotive industries also account for increasing adoption. Collectively, automation, waste reduction, and operational efficiency are strong drivers propelling the growth of industrial tape dispensers globally
Restraints
"High costs and limited accessibility hinder adoption"
Despite strong momentum, the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market faces several restraints. High equipment costs remain the most notable barrier, with around 36% of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) citing affordability challenges in upgrading to advanced semi-automatic or fully automated models. Nearly 29% of users also highlight high maintenance and servicing costs as a limitation, particularly in emerging markets where spare parts and technical expertise may be limited. Training requirements are another factor, with approximately 27% of businesses struggling to adapt their workforce to modern dispenser systems, which often include programmable settings and smart features. About 22% of buyers in developing economies face procurement difficulties due to import dependence, longer lead times, and limited regional manufacturing capacity. In addition, some companies, particularly in price-sensitive sectors, continue to rely on low-cost manual alternatives, slowing wider adoption of advanced technologies. These cost, training, and procurement challenges collectively create hurdles that may delay or restrict faster penetration of industrial tape dispensers in certain regions.
Challenges
"Compatibility and standardization remain persistent obstacles"
Standardization and compatibility issues represent ongoing challenges across the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market. Nearly 33% of users report difficulties in ensuring compatibility between dispensers and different tape widths, materials, or adhesives, which can disrupt workflows. About 28% of manufacturers also point to challenges maintaining performance consistency in high-speed packaging operations, where variation in tape thickness or environmental conditions can cause inefficiencies. Customization limitations further affect adoption, with around 24% of businesses unable to tailor dispensers to niche requirements in industries like electronics or healthcare packaging. Furthermore, 21% of companies emphasize difficulties in achieving global standardization across supply chains, particularly when integrating equipment from multiple suppliers across regions. These challenges lead to higher operational costs, downtime, and reduced scalability in international operations. Addressing compatibility, ensuring high-speed reliability, and promoting universal standards will be essential for overcoming these obstacles and unlocking the full growth potential of the market.
Segmentation Analysis
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market can be segmented by type and application, with each segment contributing significantly to overall demand. By type, the market is divided into manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic dispensers, each serving different industry needs. By application, demand spans packaging, construction, transportation, electronics, and other specialized uses. This segmentation highlights how industries select tape dispensers based on operational scale, required precision, and cost-efficiency.
By Type
Manual Industrial Tape Dispensers
Manual industrial tape dispensers account for nearly 30 percent of the global market and remain widely used in small-scale and cost-sensitive environments such as workshops, small factories, and retail operations. These units are preferred for their affordability and ease of use, with about 34 percent of small businesses noting that manual dispensers remain the most economical option for daily packaging needs. Their simple design requires minimal maintenance, making them highly practical in regions where automation remains limited or electricity access is inconsistent.
In developing markets, nearly 28 percent of users rely on manual dispensers for their durability and ability to function without technical support. Manufacturers report that around 22 percent of customers still prefer these tools for tasks that require mobility, flexible positioning, and quick tape application without being restricted to fixed machinery. Despite rapid automation trends, the manual segment continues to serve as a dependable choice for businesses prioritizing versatility and low operational costs.
Semi-Automatic Industrial Tape Dispensers
Semi-automatic tape dispensers contribute approximately 38 percent of global demand and are highly valued in mid-scale packaging environments. These systems offer an ideal balance between cost and efficiency, making them attractive for businesses not yet ready to invest in full automation. Nearly 33 percent of manufacturing facilities rely on semi-automatic devices for daily packaging due to their ability to improve consistency and speed while reducing strain on manual labor.
In logistics centers, about 29 percent of operations use semi-automatic dispensers to handle fluctuating workloads and moderate distribution volumes. Roughly 27 percent of users also highlight their flexibility in accommodating a wide range of tape sizes and materials. This adaptability makes them a preferred option across industries such as consumer goods, light manufacturing, and construction, where varied packaging requirements must be met without investing in fully automated setups.
Fully Automatic Industrial Tape Dispensers
Fully automatic industrial tape dispensers represent around 32 percent of the market and dominate high-volume production environments. These systems are integral to large-scale packaging and logistics operations, where minimizing human intervention is essential for maintaining speed and accuracy. Approximately 41 percent of e-commerce warehouses use fully automated tape dispensers to achieve faster sealing cycles, standardize outputs, and reduce labor dependency.
Large industrial plants emphasize that these systems help improve material usage, with 35 percent reporting significant reductions in tape wastage. In electronics and automotive manufacturing, nearly 28 percent of users rely on automated dispensers to maintain precision and reduce packaging errors. Increasingly, these systems are integrated with conveyor lines and automated workflows, making them indispensable for businesses seeking seamless, high-efficiency production processes.
By Application
Packaging
The packaging segment accounts for nearly 37 percent of the market, making it the largest application category. Rapid expansion in e-commerce and global distribution networks has made tape dispensers essential tools for meeting rising shipment volumes. Around 42 percent of e-commerce companies rely on these devices to reduce shipping delays and maintain packaging consistency across thousands of daily orders. Logistics warehouses also depend heavily on efficient sealing, with nearly 31 percent using dispensers to standardize processes and improve throughput.
Manufacturing facilities further support segment growth, with 26 percent reporting that tape dispensers significantly help reduce labor costs and manual workload. As online retail, global trade, and automated warehousing continue to increase, demand for reliable and high-speed tape dispensing solutions is expected to remain strong. The packaging sector will continue to serve as the backbone of market expansion.
Construction
The construction sector represents roughly 21 percent of the total market, reflecting strong demand for tape dispensers in insulation, sealing, reinforcement, and on-site assembly tasks. Contractors value the time-saving capabilities of these tools, with nearly 33 percent adopting them to streamline daily operations. Their ability to handle heavy-duty industrial tapes also makes them highly relevant in infrastructure and commercial construction projects.
About 29 percent of construction firms prefer dispensers capable of managing thick and specialized tapes used in industrial applications. Additionally, roughly 25 percent of overall demand arises from large infrastructure projects where fast and secure sealing is necessary to maintain workflow efficiency. The sector’s emphasis on durability, high-strength bonding, and operational speed ensures steady demand for advanced dispensing solutions.
Transportation
The transportation segment accounts for approximately 18 percent of market demand, driven by the need for secure, damage-resistant packaging during transit. Nearly 31 percent of logistics providers rely on tape dispensers to ensure uniform sealing, protecting goods throughout long-distance shipments. Shipping companies also highlight the role of dispensers in minimizing product damage, with 27 percent emphasizing improved packaging stability.
The automotive supply chain further contributes to demand, with about 23 percent of suppliers using specialized tape dispensers for packaging spare parts, components, and fragile assemblies. The sector’s need for consistent sealing quality and impact-resistant packaging ensures continued reliance on these tools, particularly for high-value or sensitive cargo.
Electronics
Electronics manufacturing accounts for around 15 percent of the market, driven by precision requirements in assembly lines and component packaging. Approximately 27 percent of electronics facilities use advanced tape dispensers to maintain consistent application on delicate components. With miniaturization increasing, manufacturers require tools capable of delivering precise tape lengths and repeatable sealing performance.
Nearly 25 percent of companies highlight the importance of minimizing material wastage, while 22 percent report improved assembly accuracy through automated and semi-automated dispensers. As electronics production grows more sophisticated, demand for high-precision tape dispensing solutions will continue to rise across semiconductor, consumer electronics, and component assembly operations.
Others
The “Others” category makes up around 9 percent of the market and includes sectors such as healthcare, textiles, and specialty manufacturing. In healthcare packaging, nearly 28 percent of firms use tape dispensers for sterile sealing of medical supplies and protective equipment. These applications require consistency, hygiene, and secure bonding.
In textiles, about 24 percent of companies rely on dispensers for bundling and packaging fabric materials, while 21 percent of specialty manufacturers use customizable dispensing tools for niche or low-volume tasks. This segment, although smaller, continues to grow due to diversified use cases across emerging industries.
Regional Outlook
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market shows diverse regional adoption trends, with each geography contributing differently based on industrial infrastructure, packaging demand, and adoption of automation. North America and Europe continue to dominate in technological adoption, while Asia-Pacific exhibits the fastest growth due to expanding manufacturing industries. The Middle East & Africa region, though smaller in share, is showing gradual development supported by industrial investments and construction projects. Collectively, regional performance reflects how demand is shaped by packaging needs, e-commerce growth, construction activity, and manufacturing expansion.
North America
North America holds nearly 32% of the global market share for industrial tape dispensers. The United States leads with strong demand from packaging and logistics sectors, contributing almost 37% of regional adoption. Canada represents about 26% of regional demand, with emphasis on construction and retail packaging. Mexico contributes close to 18%, driven by manufacturing exports and industrial production. Across the region, approximately 34% of companies highlight productivity improvements after adopting semi-automatic and fully automatic dispensers. Nearly 29% of warehouses emphasize reductions in packaging errors, while 25% of businesses point to sustainability goals, adopting dispensers compatible with eco-friendly tapes.
Europe
Europe accounts for nearly 27% of the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market, with strong adoption in logistics, e-commerce, and automotive industries. Germany represents about 28% of regional demand, followed by the UK at 24% and France at 21%. Approximately 33% of European businesses adopt semi-automatic dispensers to support mid-scale packaging, while 31% highlight the role of fully automated systems in meeting high-volume e-commerce needs. Nearly 26% of construction companies in Europe integrate tape dispensers for insulation and sealing, while 23% of electronics manufacturers emphasize precision dispensers to reduce assembly errors. Environmental regulations also influence demand, with about 29% of companies focusing on dispensers that support biodegradable and water-activated tapes.
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific contributes around 31% of the global market share, driven by rapid industrial growth in China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia. China alone accounts for nearly 38% of the region’s demand, supported by large-scale manufacturing and logistics operations. India contributes about 26% of regional adoption, led by construction and e-commerce packaging. Japan and South Korea together represent around 22%, particularly in electronics assembly and precision packaging. Nearly 35% of companies in Asia-Pacific emphasize cost-effective manual and semi-automatic dispensers, while 29% highlight growing use of fully automated systems in large-scale e-commerce warehouses. Around 27% of regional manufacturers prioritize tape dispensers with adjustable tension and cutting precision, especially in the electronics and automotive industries.
Middle East & Africa
The Middle East & Africa holds close to 10% of the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market share, reflecting a smaller but growing demand. Nearly 34% of regional adoption is concentrated in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where construction and logistics are expanding. South Africa contributes around 21% of demand, largely through industrial packaging and transportation sectors. Approximately 28% of businesses in the region highlight the importance of semi-automatic dispensers due to affordability, while 24% emphasize use in infrastructure projects that require heavy-duty sealing solutions. About 19% of companies also note a growing preference for dispensers that support eco-friendly packaging, reflecting a gradual shift toward sustainability. While smaller in share compared to other regions, the market is gaining traction as industrialization and retail expansion create new growth opportunities.
LIST OF KEY Industrial Tape Dispensers Market COMPANIES PROFILED
- Duck
- Scotch
- JARLINK
- tesa Tapes
- Boatman Marking
- Becpak
- 3M
- Cyklop
- pkg
- ITOOLS
- Humboldt Verpackungstechnik Gmb
- Uline
- Venus Packaging
- POLYCOMM
- Grainger
- Caulfield Industrial
- Polar Tech Industries
Top 2 companies by market share (percentage only)
- 3M: holds approximately 19% market share, driven by its wide portfolio of industrial tape dispensers and strong presence across packaging, logistics, and construction sectors. The company’s innovation in automated and eco-friendly solutions reinforces its leadership in global markets.
- tesa Tapes: accounts for nearly 16% market share, supported by its strong product range tailored for packaging, electronics, and transportation industries. The company’s focus on sustainability and dispenser compatibility with biodegradable tapes has further strengthened its market position.
Investment Analysis and Opportunities
Capital allocation is concentrating where throughput, safety, and sustainability gains are most visible. Approximately 41% of new investments target semi-automatic and fully automatic lines to remove manual bottlenecks, while 29% focus on ergonomic upgrades that lower strain and improve cycle time. About 33% of buyers prioritize dispensers compatible with water-activated and biodegradable tapes as sustainability commitments expand across packaging rooms. Roughly 28% of procurement teams emphasize modular designs to support multi-width and multi-substrate usage, limiting SKU sprawl. Near 31% look for sensor-based tension and cut-length control to reduce wastage by double-digit percentages. Predictive maintenance and device health analytics are now screening criteria for 26% of enterprise RFPs, with 24% linking dispenser telemetry to overall equipment effectiveness dashboards. Warehouse automation programs account for about 37% of multi-site deployments, and 22% of investors are piloting mobile battery-powered units for flexible lines and seasonal peaks. Taken together, over 35% of opportunity is tied to retrofit-friendly systems that drop into existing conveyors and pack benches with limited downtime, while 27% aligns with training-light interfaces that compress learning curves for high-turnover staff.
New Products Development
Manufacturers are channeling R&D toward precision, safety, and greener materials handling. Around 36% of launches feature adjustable tension and cut-verification to curb tape waste by measurable margins. Nearly 32% of new models add low-force triggers, cushioned grips, and wrist-neutral angles to reduce repetitive strain. Battery-powered handheld concepts represent roughly 23% of introductions, serving lines that reconfigure frequently. About 31% of devices debuting now offer multi-width cassettes or tool-free blade swaps, shrinking changeover times by notable percentages. Compatibility with water-activated paper tapes shows up in 28% of new SKUs, while 25% add heat-assist or moisteners for strong fiber bonding. Roughly 21% incorporate counters, usage logs, or Bluetooth-class telemetry to support consumables planning and audit trails. Safety guards, auto-retract blades, and jam-clear paths are present in 34% of refreshed designs. Finally, 27% of teams report material substitutions toward recycled housings and longer-life blades, with targeting of 15%-plus lifecycle improvements across high-duty shifts.
Recent Developments
- Ergonomics & Worker Safety Enhancements (2023): Manufacturers focused on ergonomically designed tape dispensers, with nearly 35% of new products including anti-slip grips and safety guards. About 29% reduced wrist strain for operators, while 23% delivered measurable reductions in workplace injuries, improving safety standards across industries.
- Battery-Powered & Portable Units (2023): New portable and cordless dispensers were introduced to meet flexible packaging needs. Nearly 31% of logistics warehouses highlighted efficiency gains, while 26% reported smoother workflow management during peak seasons. About 22% of companies valued reduced cord-related hazards, ensuring safer operations.
- Eco-Friendly Dispenser Designs (2024): Around 33% of companies launched dispensers compatible with biodegradable and water-activated tapes. Nearly 28% emphasized reductions in packaging waste, while 25% highlighted lower carbon footprint benefits. This aligns with the sustainability goals of global packaging and e-commerce companies.
- IoT and Smart Monitoring Features (2024):Close to 29% of new tape dispenser models included IoT connectivity for predictive maintenance. Around 27% offered real-time performance analytics, and 24% delivered integration with smart factory systems, helping reduce downtime by nearly 15% in large-scale operations.
- High-Speed Fully Automatic Systems (2024): E-commerce fulfillment centers drove demand for high-speed dispensers. About 34% of large warehouses implemented fully automated dispensers, achieving up to 21% improvements in throughput. Nearly 28% of companies reported consistent sealing quality, lowering rework rates significantly.
Report Coverage
The Industrial Tape Dispensers Market report provides detailed insights into demand patterns, technological advancements, and regional adoption trends. It examines segmentation by type, application, and geography, while analyzing drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities shaping market behavior. Approximately 41% of data is centered on packaging applications, with 31% focused on logistics integration and automation. Around 28% of research highlights developments in sustainable dispenser technologies, while 26% emphasizes the role of ergonomics and workplace safety.
The coverage also assesses the role of Industry 4.0 integration, with about 33% of companies adopting IoT-enabled solutions. Regional data illustrates that North America holds nearly 32% of market share, Europe 27%, Asia-Pacific 31%, and Middle East & Africa 10%, highlighting a balanced but regionally diverse demand structure. The report further profiles key companies such as 3M, tesa Tapes, Duck, Scotch, and JARLINK, which collectively represent over 40% of market activity.
Investment insights reveal that 37% of opportunities are linked to automation upgrades, 29% to eco-friendly dispenser designs, and 22% to portable or battery-powered units. This ensures that the report provides a comprehensive view of the Industrial Tape Dispensers Market, covering both current demand and future growth potential.
| Report Coverage | Report Details |
|---|---|
|
By Applications Covered |
Packaging,Construction,Transportation,Electronic,Others |
|
By Type Covered |
Manual,Semi-automatic,Fully Automatic |
|
No. of Pages Covered |
100 |
|
Forecast Period Covered |
2025 to 2034 |
|
Growth Rate Covered |
CAGR of 5.66%% during the forecast period |
|
Value Projection Covered |
USD 0.27 Billion by 2034 |
|
Historical Data Available for |
2020 to 2023 |
|
Region Covered |
North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East, Africa |
|
Countries Covered |
U.S. ,Canada, Germany,U.K.,France, Japan , China , India, South Africa , Brazil |
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