Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Types (HEFA-SPK, FT-SPK, ATJ-SPK, Co-processing, Others), By Applications (Civil, Military) , and Regional Insights and Forecast to 2034

Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Size

The Global Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market size was USD 526.38 Million in 2024 and is projected to touch USD 703.25 Million in 2025, rising further to USD 939.54 Million in 2026 and USD 9536.02 Million by 2034. The industry is forecasted to expand at a 33.6% growth rate during 2025–2034. With North America holding 40%, Europe 30%, Asia-Pacific 22%, and Middle East & Africa 8%, regional market distribution showcases diverse adoption levels and growing airline commitments to sustainability.

The US Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market demonstrates strong growth potential, driven by over 45% of airlines pledging long-term SAF usage. More than 55% of SAF production capacity expansions are concentrated in the country, while 50% of new agreements are signed with domestic carriers. With nearly 38% of global SAF innovation pipelines led by US-based projects, the country continues to dominate advancements and investments in sustainable aviation fuel.

Key Findings

• Market Size: $526.38 Million (2024), $703.25 Million (2025), $9536.02 Million (2034), 33.6% growth forecast 2025–2034. Global scale is expanding rapidly.
• Growth Drivers: Nearly 60% demand supported by government incentives, 55% driven by airline commitments, and 50% influenced by infrastructure development.
• Trends: About 70% of SAF supply from HEFA-SPK, 20% from FT-SPK, and 10% from ATJ-SPK dominate global production trends.
• Key Players: Neste, Total, Gevo, LanzaTech, BP & more.
• Regional Insights: North America holds 40% share, leading with strong airline adoption and policy support. Europe follows with 30% driven by sustainability mandates. Asia-Pacific captures 22% backed by rising passenger demand and infrastructure expansion. Middle East & Africa accounts for 8% with growing investments in aviation hubs and renewable fuel projects.
• Challenges: Around 65% face cost barriers, 40% face feedstock limits, and 70% projects remain pilot phase delaying full-scale adoption globally.
• Industry Impact: 55% airline integration, 60% government support, 50% infrastructure upgrades show widespread SAF influence on aviation sector transformation.
• Recent Developments: 25% output increase, 20% hub coverage, 18% long-term supply contracts, 15% waste conversion, 12% airport distribution expansion recorded in 2024.

The Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market is transforming aviation with sustainable alternatives, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Nearly 70% of production capacity relies on HEFA pathways, while 55% of airline strategies integrate SAF into operations. Around 50% of global investment pipelines prioritize SAF projects, reflecting strong opportunities for innovation. Additionally, 60% of regional governments have adopted policies supporting SAF, making it one of the fastest-evolving renewable energy segments in the global aviation industry.

Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Trends

The Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market is rapidly expanding as global aviation seeks to cut emissions and adopt cleaner energy solutions. Currently, around 40% of total SAF demand is driven by North America, largely due to strong policy frameworks and airline commitments to achieve carbon neutrality. Europe follows closely with about 35% market share, supported by regulatory initiatives and large-scale adoption across commercial airlines. Asia-Pacific contributes nearly 18% of the global demand, fueled by the increasing focus of countries such as China, Japan, and India on renewable energy integration in aviation. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa collectively represent the remaining 7%, with investments primarily in pilot projects and bio-refinery expansions. In terms of production pathways, Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) account for almost 70% of SAF output, while Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology contributes 20%, and Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) processes make up the remaining 10%. Feedstock utilization shows that waste oils and fats dominate with a 55% share, followed by agricultural residues at 30% and municipal solid waste at 15%. Growing adoption across international carriers is creating a competitive landscape where sustainability targets directly align with rising SAF production capacity.

Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Dynamics

OPPORTUNITY

Expanding Airline Commitments

Over 45% of global airlines have pledged to increase their share of Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in their operations, while nearly 50% of long-haul flights are projected to integrate SAF into their fuel mix. Around 60% of regulatory frameworks across developed economies are promoting SAF adoption, presenting opportunities for producers and investors to scale bio-refinery capacities.

DRIVERS

Rising Demand for Low-Carbon Aviation

Approximately 48% of aviation stakeholders identify SAF as the most effective tool for decarbonizing operations. Around 42% of passengers now prefer airlines that adopt sustainable fuels, boosting airline strategies for greener alternatives. Moreover, nearly 55% of global bio-refinery expansions are SAF-focused, showing how rising demand is driving capacity growth and reinforcing its role in aviation sustainability.

RESTRAINTS

"High Production Costs and Feedstock Limitations"

Nearly 65% of SAF producers report production costs being more than double those of conventional jet fuel, limiting affordability and adoption. Feedstock availability also poses a challenge, with about 40% of the required raw materials failing to meet continuous supply standards. Additionally, just 35% of global aviation fuel facilities are equipped for SAF integration, restricting broader market penetration.

CHALLENGE

"Scaling Commercial Production"

Although demand for SAF is increasing, less than 5% of global aviation fuel consumption is currently SAF. Around 70% of SAF projects remain at the pilot or demonstration stage, while only 30% have achieved commercial-scale production. This production gap highlights a significant challenge, as supply continues to lag behind the fast-growing airline commitments and sustainability mandates.

Segmentation Analysis

The Global Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market size was USD 526.38 Million in 2024 and is projected to touch USD 703.25 Million in 2025, further expected to reach USD 9536.02 Million by 2034, exhibiting a CAGR of 33.6% during the forecast period. By type, Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA-SPK) will dominate with the largest revenue contribution in 2025, followed by Fischer-Tropsch (FT-SPK), Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ-SPK), Co-processing, and Others. HEFA-SPK is estimated to hold the maximum share due to scalable production pathways, while FT-SPK and ATJ-SPK will experience accelerated growth owing to technological advancements. By application, Civil Aviation accounts for the majority share, while the Military segment steadily increases its adoption of SAF. Each type and application segment contributes differently in terms of market size, share, and CAGR, highlighting diverse opportunities for investors and stakeholders across regions.

By Type

HEFA-SPK

HEFA-SPK is the most widely used SAF type, accounting for nearly 70% of the global production share. Its dominance is driven by reliable feedstock availability such as waste oils and fats, as well as proven scalability across international markets. The segment remains attractive due to cost competitiveness and compliance with aviation fuel standards.

HEFA-SPK held the largest share in the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market, accounting for USD 352.21 Million in 2025, representing nearly 50.1% of the total market. This segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 32.4% from 2025 to 2034, driven by rising airline commitments, feedstock optimization, and supportive policies.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the HEFA-SPK Segment

• United States led the HEFA-SPK segment with a market size of USD 120.56 Million in 2025, holding a 34.2% share and expected to grow at a CAGR of 32.0% due to large-scale refinery integration and policy support.
• Germany held USD 85.65 Million in 2025, representing a 24.3% share, with an expected CAGR of 31.8% due to strong EU mandates and technological investments.
• China accounted for USD 72.80 Million in 2025, holding a 20.6% share and projected to grow at a CAGR of 33.5% due to expanding domestic airline demand and biofuel production capacity.

FT-SPK

FT-SPK technology contributes around 20% of total SAF production. Its advantage lies in using a wide range of feedstocks such as biomass and municipal waste, supporting circular economy models. This segment is growing due to government-funded projects and increasing demand for advanced fuel alternatives.

FT-SPK accounted for USD 140.65 Million in 2025, representing a 20.0% share of the overall market. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 34.5% from 2025 to 2034, driven by innovation in gasification technologies and renewable energy integration into aviation.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the FT-SPK Segment

• United Kingdom led the FT-SPK segment with USD 42.19 Million in 2025, holding a 30.0% share and expected to grow at a CAGR of 34.0% due to strong government incentives and waste-to-fuel programs.
• Canada held USD 35.16 Million in 2025, representing a 25.0% share, projected to grow at a CAGR of 35.1% supported by biomass abundance and renewable energy policies.
• Japan accounted for USD 28.13 Million in 2025, with a 20.0% share and expected to grow at a CAGR of 34.8% fueled by technology adoption and increasing SAF pilot projects.

ATJ-SPK

ATJ-SPK accounts for about 10% of SAF production, offering flexibility through feedstock such as sugars and ethanol. Its potential is significant in regions with high agricultural output, making it a key growth segment despite higher production costs.

ATJ-SPK reached USD 70.32 Million in 2025, representing a 10.0% share of the market. It is expected to expand at a CAGR of 35.2% during 2025–2034, driven by agricultural resource utilization, improved fermentation technologies, and rising demand in emerging economies.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the ATJ-SPK Segment

• Brazil led the ATJ-SPK segment with USD 24.61 Million in 2025, holding a 35.0% share, expected to grow at a CAGR of 35.4% supported by sugarcane ethanol production and biofuel policies.
• India recorded USD 17.58 Million in 2025, representing a 25.0% share, growing at a CAGR of 35.8% due to strong agricultural resources and ethanol-based fuel programs.
• Thailand held USD 10.54 Million in 2025, accounting for a 15.0% share, expected to grow at a CAGR of 35.0% owing to bio-refinery expansion and feedstock availability.

Co-processing

Co-processing is an emerging SAF pathway that blends bio-based feedstocks with conventional refining. Although it accounts for a smaller portion of the market, it plays a vital role in supporting refinery transition toward sustainable fuel production.

Co-processing represented USD 49.22 Million in 2025, equating to a 7.0% share of the total market. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 33.9% over the forecast period, supported by cost-sharing models and refinery modernization.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the Co-processing Segment

• France led the Co-processing segment with USD 14.76 Million in 2025, holding a 30.0% share, growing at a CAGR of 34.1% due to strong EU refinery upgrades and energy transition plans.
• Italy accounted for USD 9.84 Million in 2025, representing a 20.0% share, growing at a CAGR of 33.7% supported by integrated energy companies.
• Spain held USD 7.38 Million in 2025, a 15.0% share, with a CAGR of 34.0% driven by investment in bio-refinery projects.

Others

Other SAF types include innovative processes under development, such as pyrolysis and catalytic conversion. These emerging solutions focus on overcoming feedstock limitations and improving conversion efficiencies.

Others accounted for USD 35.16 Million in 2025, representing a 5.0% share. The segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 36.0% during the forecast period, supported by pilot projects, R&D funding, and technology breakthroughs.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the Others Segment

• Australia led the Others segment with USD 10.55 Million in 2025, holding a 30.0% share and growing at a CAGR of 36.2% supported by innovative biofuel projects.
• Netherlands accounted for USD 7.03 Million in 2025, representing a 20.0% share, expected to grow at a CAGR of 35.8% due to R&D-driven investments.
• South Korea recorded USD 5.27 Million in 2025, holding a 15.0% share, projected to grow at a CAGR of 36.1% driven by technology adoption.

By Application

Civil

Civil aviation dominates the SAF market, contributing nearly 80% of overall demand. The segment is driven by international airline commitments to carbon neutrality, passenger preference for sustainable travel, and regulatory mandates supporting eco-friendly aviation fuel.

Civil aviation accounted for USD 562.60 Million in 2025, representing nearly 80.0% of the total market. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 33.5% during 2025–2034, supported by global airline alliances, commercial flight expansion, and sustainability initiatives.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the Civil Segment

• United States led the Civil segment with USD 168.78 Million in 2025, holding a 30.0% share and expected to grow at a CAGR of 33.2% due to strong airline adoption and infrastructure.
• Germany accounted for USD 112.52 Million in 2025, representing a 20.0% share, projected to grow at a CAGR of 33.6% due to EU mandates and sustainable fuel projects.
• China held USD 84.39 Million in 2025, representing a 15.0% share, with a CAGR of 34.0% due to rising domestic airline expansion and renewable energy integration.

Military

The Military application represents about 20% of SAF demand, focusing on enhancing energy security and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Military fleets worldwide are increasingly adopting SAF for both strategic and environmental reasons.

Military aviation accounted for USD 140.65 Million in 2025, representing 20.0% of the overall market. This segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 34.2% from 2025 to 2034, driven by defense sustainability programs, energy independence strategies, and pilot-scale SAF projects.

Top 3 Major Dominant Countries in the Military Segment

• United States led the Military segment with USD 49.23 Million in 2025, holding a 35.0% share, expected to grow at a CAGR of 34.0% due to defense sustainability initiatives.
• United Kingdom accounted for USD 28.13 Million in 2025, representing a 20.0% share, with a CAGR of 34.3% supported by military energy transition goals.
• India held USD 21.09 Million in 2025, representing a 15.0% share, expected to grow at a CAGR of 34.5% due to government-led energy independence programs.

Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Regional Outlook

The Global Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market size was USD 526.38 Million in 2024 and is projected to touch USD 703.25 Million in 2025, further expected to reach USD 9536.02 Million by 2034, growing at a CAGR of 33.6% during the forecast period. Regionally, North America leads the market with the highest adoption, followed by Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa. In 2025, North America accounted for 40% of the global market, Europe held 30%, Asia-Pacific contributed 22%, and the Middle East & Africa represented 8%. Each region’s growth is driven by unique policies, airline commitments, feedstock availability, and infrastructure developments that collectively define the global SAF market expansion.

North America

North America dominates the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market, supported by strong policy frameworks, airline sustainability commitments, and large-scale bio-refinery capacities. The U.S. and Canada account for the majority of SAF consumption, driven by commercial airlines and defense adoption. With a 40% global share, North America remains the hub for technological innovations and feedstock diversification.

North America held the largest share in the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market, accounting for USD 281.30 Million in 2025, representing 40% of the total market. This segment is expected to grow strongly from 2025 to 2034, driven by government incentives, strategic airline partnerships, and advanced production technologies.

North America - Major Dominant Countries in the SAF Market

• United States led North America with a market size of USD 168.78 Million in 2025, holding a 60% share due to airline adoption and infrastructure expansion.
• Canada accounted for USD 78.76 Million in 2025, representing a 28% share, supported by biomass availability and clean energy programs.
• Mexico held USD 33.76 Million in 2025, representing a 12% share, driven by regional airline sustainability initiatives.

Europe

Europe remains the second-largest region for Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), with strong EU directives, carbon neutrality targets, and collaborations among airlines and refiners. The region is highly active in SAF adoption across Germany, France, and the UK, making up 30% of the global market share in 2025.

Europe accounted for USD 210.97 Million in 2025, representing 30% of the total Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market. This growth is propelled by regulatory mandates, expanding refinery capacities, and strategic investments in sustainable fuel infrastructure.

Europe - Major Dominant Countries in the SAF Market

• Germany led Europe with USD 63.29 Million in 2025, holding a 30% share, driven by regulatory mandates and large-scale SAF projects.
• France accounted for USD 52.74 Million in 2025, representing 25% share, supported by government incentives and refinery expansion.
• United Kingdom recorded USD 42.19 Million in 2025, a 20% share, driven by advanced waste-to-fuel projects.

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific is an emerging powerhouse in the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market, contributing 22% of the global share in 2025. Rapidly increasing airline demand, large passenger volumes, and government-backed renewable energy initiatives in China, India, and Japan drive the region’s strong growth trajectory.

Asia-Pacific accounted for USD 154.71 Million in 2025, representing 22% of the total market. Its growth is supported by investments in bio-refineries, rising passenger traffic, and energy security strategies promoting sustainable aviation fuels.

Asia-Pacific - Major Dominant Countries in the SAF Market

• China led Asia-Pacific with USD 61.88 Million in 2025, holding a 40% share, driven by domestic airline expansion and renewable fuel integration.
• India accounted for USD 38.67 Million in 2025, representing a 25% share, supported by agricultural feedstock utilization and ethanol-based programs.
• Japan recorded USD 30.94 Million in 2025, representing a 20% share, propelled by advanced technology adoption and airline commitments.

Middle East & Africa

Middle East & Africa, though smaller in market size, is gaining attention due to investments in SAF pilot projects and refinery development. With 8% of the global market share in 2025, the region is led by UAE, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa, supported by aviation hub strategies and renewable energy programs.

Middle East & Africa accounted for USD 56.26 Million in 2025, representing 8% of the global Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market. Growth is expected from investments in large-scale airline operations and the development of sustainable energy corridors.

Middle East & Africa - Major Dominant Countries in the SAF Market

• United Arab Emirates led the region with USD 22.50 Million in 2025, holding a 40% share, driven by its aviation hub status and sustainability initiatives.
• Saudi Arabia accounted for USD 16.88 Million in 2025, representing 30% share, supported by energy diversification programs.
• South Africa held USD 11.25 Million in 2025, representing a 20% share, driven by biomass utilization and regional airline adoption.

List of Key Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market Companies Profiled

Investment Analysis and Opportunities in Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Market

Investment in the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market is accelerating, with more than 60% of new bio-refinery projects worldwide focused on SAF. Nearly 55% of global airline operators are entering into long-term supply agreements to secure future demand. Around 48% of private equity and institutional funds in the renewable energy sector are now targeting SAF-focused companies. Additionally, 50% of ongoing infrastructure development projects include upgrades for SAF blending and distribution facilities. The opportunities are expanding across feedstock innovation, technology advancement, and regional collaborations, creating strong momentum for market participants. Governments covering nearly 65% of global SAF demand are offering incentives, ensuring robust investment attractiveness.

New Products Development

New product development in the Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market is increasingly focused on technological diversification and feedstock expansion. Around 40% of recent innovations are linked to HEFA-SPK upgrades, while nearly 25% target Fischer-Tropsch fuels from waste biomass. Alcohol-to-Jet processes represent 20% of product development projects, emphasizing ethanol-based solutions in high agricultural regions. Approximately 15% of new developments include emerging technologies like catalytic pyrolysis and co-processing. With nearly 50% of airline partnerships emphasizing pilot trials for new SAF blends, innovation pipelines are strengthening globally. This shift enhances competitiveness and addresses feedstock limitations through multi-technology adoption.

Developments

• Neste expanded refinery output: Neste increased SAF output by over 25% in 2024 through capacity expansion, meeting growing airline demand and securing nearly 30% share of contracted supplies.
• Total launched SAF blending program: Total introduced a SAF blending initiative covering 20% of European aviation hubs, ensuring broader adoption and compliance with regional emission reduction goals.
• Gevo signed airline supply agreements: Gevo entered into multiple long-term contracts covering 18% of its production capacity, enhancing supply security for major North American carriers.
• LanzaTech advanced waste-to-fuel projects: LanzaTech converted over 15% of municipal waste into SAF pilot volumes, highlighting progress in alternative feedstock utilization in 2024.
• World Energy expanded distribution: World Energy expanded SAF distribution to cover 12% of global commercial airports, strengthening global access to sustainable fuels.

Report Coverage

The Bio-based Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) market report provides a comprehensive analysis of market dynamics, trends, segmentation, regional outlook, and competitive landscape. Strengths include growing airline commitments, with nearly 55% of carriers integrating SAF targets, and government incentives covering 65% of demand. Weaknesses lie in high production costs, with over 60% of producers reporting SAF being 2–3 times costlier than traditional fuels, and feedstock shortages limiting 40% of required supply. Opportunities are strong, with more than 50% of new refinery investments directed toward SAF and around 45% of R&D budgets allocated to technology innovation. Challenges include scaling production, as less than 5% of aviation fuel demand is currently met by SAF, and 70% of projects remain in pilot phases. Regionally, North America holds 40% of the global share, Europe 30%, Asia-Pacific 22%, and Middle East & Africa 8%, reflecting diverse adoption patterns. Competitive profiling highlights key players such as Neste, Total, and Gevo, with leading companies holding combined shares above 45%. The coverage underscores market attractiveness, investment momentum, and technological advancements shaping the global SAF sector.